{"id":1682,"date":"2013-12-21T23:28:38","date_gmt":"2013-12-21T21:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/?page_id=1682"},"modified":"2017-07-02T15:21:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-02T12:21:37","slug":"satranc-ustalari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/?page_id=1682","title":{"rendered":"SATRAN\u00c7 USTALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Satranc\u0131n, zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan en az 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da oynand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bulgular piramitlerdeki kabartmalarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yine \u00c7in\u2019de, Mezopotamya\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019da oynanmaktayd\u0131. Oyunun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, MS 3. \u2013 4. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Hindistan\u2019da, oyuna \u00c7ATURANGA denmesi ile ba\u015flar. Satran\u00e7 ile ilgili ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler Hindistan\u2019dan kalmad\u0131r. Daha sonra satran\u00e7 \u0130ran\u2019a, onlardan Araplara, End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fcler sayesinde de \u0130spanya \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap ve Avrupa el yazmas\u0131 kitaplardan sonra, \u0130spanyol Lucena\u2019n\u0131n ilk bas\u0131l\u0131 satran\u00e7 kitab\u0131nda (1497) satranc\u0131n o zamanki yeni kurallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. O zamandan bug\u00fcne kadar, satran\u00e7 oyununun kurallar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeden gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130spanya\u2019dan sonra, \u0130talya, Fransa, Almanya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Rusya\u2019da satran\u00e7 h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanyol Lucena, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanyol El Greco, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Frans\u0131z Philidor\u2019un satran\u00e7 kitaplar\u0131 vard\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda satranc\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 belirdi: Anderssen, Morphy, Rubinstein ve Steinitz. 1850\u2032lerden ba\u015flayarak, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyuncular\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 turnuvalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sonunda, 1886\u2032da o zaman\u0131n en kuvvetli iki satran\u00e7 oyuncusu aras\u0131nda, ilk d\u00fcnya satran\u00e7 \u015fampiyonluk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 oynand\u0131: Steinitz ve Zukertort. Steinitz bu ma\u00e7\u0131, 10 galibiyet, 5 beraberlik ve 5 yenilgi (+10 -5 =5) alarak kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130lk resmi d\u00fcnya satran\u00e7 \u015fampiyonu belirlenene kadar bir \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyuncu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img alt=\"ruy_lopez.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/ruy_lopez.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img alt=\"philidor.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/philidor.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img alt=\"greco.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/greco.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ruy Lopez \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Philidor \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Greco<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16.YY\u2019da\u00a0<strong>Ruy LOPEZ<\/strong>, 17.YY\u2019da \u00a0<strong>Giachino GREKO<\/strong>, 18.YY\u2019da <strong>Andre Danican PH\u0130L\u0130DOR\u00a0<\/strong>\u00f6nde gelen oyunculard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img alt=\"loewantel.gif\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/loewantel.thumbnail.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Loewenthal<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19.YY\u2019da ise ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan oyuncular\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r.<strong>Charles Do\u00a0La BOURDANN\u0130S<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Howard STUANTON<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>LOEWENTHAL<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Ernest FALKBEER<\/strong>\u00a0ve en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri, kombinezonlar\u0131n \u00fcstad\u0131\u00a0<strong>Adolf ANDERSEN<\/strong>\u2019den s\u00f6z edebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19.YY ilk D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 \u015eampiyonunun ilan edildi\u011fi tarihtir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Resmi olmayan ancak genel olarak kabul edilen \u015fampiyonlar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img alt=\"howard-staunton.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/howard-staunton.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img alt=\"adolf-anderssen.JPG\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/adolf-anderssen.thumbnail.JPG\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img alt=\"morphy.gif\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/morphy.thumbnail.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Howard Staunton \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>Adolf Anderssen \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>Paul Morphy<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>I. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"steinitz1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/steinitz1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Wilhelm STEN\u0130TZ<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0<\/span>(1836-1900)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u015eampiyonluk D\u00f6nemi (1886-1894)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prag\u2019da 1836 alt\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Matemati\u011fe \u00e7ok merakl\u0131yd\u0131.E\u011fitim i\u00e7in giti\u011fi Viyana\u2019da \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir satran\u00e7c\u0131 oldu.Kombinezonlu satran\u00e7 sitiliyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra turnuvas\u0131nda dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekti.O zamanlar D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyuncusu olarak kabul edilen Andersen\u2019i yendi.Ama D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011funa 29 Mart 1886 tarihinde Zuckertort\u2019u yenerek ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk resmi \u015fampiyon oldu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130lk \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7\u0131 11 Ocak 1885 tarihinde Newyork\u2019 ba\u015flad\u0131.Birinci ayakta oynanan 5 ma\u00e7 sonunda +4-1 Zuckertort \u00f6ne ge\u00e7ti.\u0130kinci ayak St.Louis \u015fehrinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Steinitz \u00fcst\u00fcn bir performans g\u00f6stererek rakibini yakalad\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ti.\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ayaksa New Orleans \u015eehrinde yap\u0131ld\u0131.Steinitz burada \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc daha da art\u0131rd\u0131.29 Mart 1886 tarihinde rakibni kesin bir yenilgiye u\u011fratan Steinitz , +10-5=5 skoru ile ilk resmi d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu ilan edildi. Sonraki y\u0131llarda Tschigorin ve Gunsberg kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zuckertort-Stenitz<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9 .Ma\u00e7 Vezir Gambiti-1885<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Ac3 Af6 4.Af3 dxc4 5. e3 c5 6.Fxc4 cxd4 7.exd4 Fe7 8. 0-0 0-0 9. Ve2 Abd7 10.Fb3 Ab6 11.Ff4 Abd5 12. Fg3 Va5 13.Kac1 Fd7 14. Ae5 Kfd8 15.Vf3 Fe8 16. Kfe1 Kac8 17. Fh4 Axc3 18.bxc3 Vc7 19.Vd3 Ad5 20 Fxe7 Vxe7 21.Fxd5 Kxd5 22 .c4 Kdd8 23. Ke3 Vd6 24. Kd1 f6 25. Kh3 h6 26. Ag4 Vf4 27.Ae3 Fa4 28.Kf3 Vd6 29.Kd2 Fxc6 30.Kg3 f5 31.Kg6 Fe4 32.Vb3 \u015eh7 33. c5 Kxc5 34. Kxe6 Kc1+ 35.Ad1 Vf4 36. Vb2 Kb1 37.Vc3 Kc8 38.Kxe4 Vxe4 0-1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Paul Morphy satran\u00e7ta romantik d\u00f6neme son verdikten sonra Steinitz yeni bir ekol\u00fcn temsilcisi oldu.Steinitz satranca stratejik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin girmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Onun getirdi\u011fi ilkeler<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Satran\u00e7ta konumsal denge vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. Keskin h\u00fcc\u00fcmlar i\u00e7in konumsal dengenin bir taraf lehine bozulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. H\u00fccum rakibin zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131na yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. Savunmada ta\u015flar ekonomik olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oyun i\u00e7indeki geli\u015fme ise bu ilkelerin yani stratejinin uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\">II.D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"lasker1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/lasker1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Emanuel LASKER<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1868-1941)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1894 \u2013 1921) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olaraka kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Do\u011fum yeri Berlinchen,Brandenburg- Almanyad\u0131r.1868- \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Newyork kentinde olmu\u015ftur.Lasker 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Steinitz\u2019i yenerek 2.d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu. Fakat Steinitz\u2019in fikirleri satran\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Lasker bu fikirlerin takip\u00e7isi ve geli\u015ftiricisi oldu.Satranca psikolojik boyutu ekledi. 27 y\u0131l D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olarak kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lasker Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda t\u00fcm rakiplerine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra Newyork\u2019a yerle\u015fmeye karar vermi\u015ftir. 1893 Uluslaras\u0131 Newyork turnuvas\u0131nda ki 13 ma\u00e7\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekor k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dcnvan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 May\u0131s 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 .New York,Philadelphia ve montreal\u2019de oynanan ma\u00e7lar sonunda +10-5=4 skoru ile d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.Ve 7 kez bu \u00fcnvan\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131: Steinitz 1896 +8-3=5; Marshall 1907 +8-0=7; Tarrasch 1908 +8-3=5; Janowsky 1908 +7-1=2; Schlecter 1910 +1-1= 8 ; Janowsky 1911 +8-0=3 v ve Tarrasch 1916 +5-0=1 skorlar\u0131 oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu 7 \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lasker Matematik doktoru ve filzoftu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Matemetikte \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc birisi ayn\u0131 zamanda fizik dahisi Albert Einstein\u2019in arkada\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lasker-Steinitz 1894<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12 ma\u00e7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Ac3 Af6 4.Af3 Fe7 5.e3 0-0 6.Fd3 c5 7.dxc5 dxc4 8.Fxc4 Vxd1 9 \u015exd1 Ac6 10.a3 Fxc5 11.b4 Fb6 12.\u015ee2 Fd7 13.Fb3 Kac8 14.Fb2 a5 15.b5 Ae7 16.Ae5 Fe8 17.a4 Fc7 18.Ac4 Fd7 19.Kac1 Aed5 20.Axd5 Axd5 21.Ae5 Fxe5 22.Fxe5 f6 23.e4 fxe4 exd5 24.\u015ef7 25.Khd1 \u015ee7 26.d6 \u015ef6 27.\u015ee3 Kxc1 28.Kxc1 Kc8 29.Kxc8 Fxc8 30.Fc2 \u015ef7 31.Fxh7 b6 32.\u015ee4 \u015ef6 33.g4 g5 34.\u015ef3 \u015ef7 35.Fe4 \u015ee8 36.h4 \u015ed7 37.h5 \u015ee8 38.\u015ee3 siyah terk eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>III.D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"capablanca1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/capablanca1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Jose Raoul Capablanca y Graupera<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1888-1942)<\/p>\n<p>\u015eampiyonl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi(1921-1927)<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu unvan ma\u00e7\u0131 i\u00e7in 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lasker\u2019le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131p ve +4-0 = 10 skoru ile onu yenerek d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>1888 K\u00fcba do\u011fumludur.12 ya\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcba \u015fampiyonu olmu\u015ftur.Oyun sitili duru,sakin,dakik ve sadedir.K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Konumsal oyunun en iyi uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle kale oyun sonu \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.Her satran\u00e7 oyuncusu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak istiyorsa mutlaka kale oyun sonu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.Oyun sonlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 kale oyun sonu olarak oynanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>IV. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"alekhine1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/alekhine1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Aleksandr ALJEH\u0130N\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>(1892-1946)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u015eampiyonluk D\u00f6nemi(1927-1935 ve 1937-1946)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buenos Aires\u2019te 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Capablanca\u2019y\u0131 yenerek d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu.D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olabilmek i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczene soktu.Sistemli ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rakibinin b\u00fct\u00fcn ma\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi.Capablanca sa\u011flam oyun sitili ,konumsal oyun anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, y\u00fcksek savunma g\u00fcc\u00fc ve dahi derecesindeki yetene\u011fi ile yenilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7 bir d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu idi.Aljehin ise atak oyunun gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar\u0131ndan birisidir. Beklide en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.Aljehin yo\u011fun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile oyun tekni\u011fini \u00e7ok geli\u015ftirdi.Bug\u00fcn atak oyunun dehas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7\u0131nda Capablanca\u2019y\u0131 6+-3 = 25 skoru ile yenerek d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu. 1929 ve 1934 \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Bogoljubow ile iki kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.Ve skorlar 11-5=9 ve +8-3=15 \u015feklinde lehine idi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ama 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Euwe Kar\u015f\u0131 +8-9=13 skoru ile \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Euwe ile tekrar unvan i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131\u015farak 10-4=11 skoru ile yeniden \u015fampiyon oldu. Bu bir ilkti. \u0130lk defa bir d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ikinci kez elde etmi\u015fti.1946 \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131l\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 da yan\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Capablanca-Aljehin<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21 .\u00dcnvan Ma\u00e7\u0131<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.d4 d5 2.c3 e6 3.Fe7 Af3 4.Fg5 Abd7 5.e3 Fe7 6.Af3 00 7.Kc1 a6 8.a3 h6 9.Fh4 dxc4 10.Fxc4 11. Fe2 Fb7 12.0-0 c5 13.dxc5 Axc5 14.Ad4 Kc8 b4 15.Acd7 16.Fg3 Ab6 17.Vb3 Afd5 18.Ff3 Kc4! 19.Ae4 Vc8 20.Kxc4 Axc4 21.Kc1 Va8 22.Ac3 Kc8 23.Axd5 Fxd5 24.Fxd5 Vxd5 25.a4 Ff6 26.Af3 Fb2 27.Ke1 Kd8 28.axb5 axb5 29.h3 e5 30.Kb1 e4 31.Ad4 Fxd4 32.Kd1 Axe3 beyazlar terk eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>V. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"2294-m-235071.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/2294-m-235071.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Dr. Machgielis EUWE<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1901-1981)<\/p>\n<p>\u015eampiyonluk D\u00f6nemi(1935-1937)<\/p>\n<p>Amsterdam-Hollanda\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Ve 5 ya\u015f\u0131nda satran\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frendi.1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 Federasyonunun (F\u0130DE)\u2019nin organize etti\u011fi turnuvada Amat\u00f6r D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aljehin ile \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kariyerinin zirvasindeydi.\u00c7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan bir satran\u00e7\u0131 idi.Sistematik olarak \u00e7a\u0131l\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u2018D\u00fczenin ve gayretin dehas\u0131\u2019 olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Aljehin ,Euwe\u2019nin teorik birikiminden faydalanmak istiyordu.Ona \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7\u0131 teklif etti. Ma\u00e7 teklifini kabul eden Euwe hemen geni\u015f bir haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.Teorik \u00e7a\u0131lmalar\u0131na bedensel dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131da ekleme i\u00e7in fiziksel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da zaman ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Oynanan unvan ma\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 +14-12 kazanan Euwe be\u015finci d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu.1937 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131 ise Aljehin +10-4=11 skoru ile kazanarak \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 geri almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Aljehin-Euwe<\/p>\n<p>1935-Unvan Ma\u00e7\u0131 No:23<\/p>\n<p>1.d4 e6 2.c4 f5 3.g3 Fb4 4.Fd2 Fe7 5.Fg2 Af6 6.Ac3 0-0 7. Af3 Ae4 8.0-0 b6 9.Vc2 Fb7<\/p>\n<p>10.Ae5 Axc3 11.Fxc3 Fxg2 12.\u015exc2 Vc8 13.d5 d6 14.Ad3 e5 15.\u015fh1 c6 16.Vb3 \u015eh8 17.f4 e4 18.Ab4 c5 19.Ac2 Ad7 20.Ae3 Ff6 21.Axf5 Fxc322. Axd6 Vb8 23.Axe4 Ff6 24.Ad2 g5 25.e4 gxf 26.gxf Fd4 27.e5 Ve8 28.e6 Kg8 29 Af3 Vg6 30Kg1 Fxg1 31.Kxg1 Vf6 32.Ag5 Kg7 exd 34.Ve3 Ke7 35.Ae6 Kf8 36.Ve5 Vxe5 37.Fxe5 Kf5 38.Ke1 h6 39.Ad8 Kf2 40.e6 Kd2 41.Ac6 Ke8 42.e7 b5 43.Ad8 \u015eg7 44.Ab7\u015ef6 45.Ke6 \u015eg5 46.Ad6 Kxe7 47.Ae4 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>VI. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"botwinn.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/botwinn.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Michail BOTW\u0130NN\u0130K<\/span><\/strong>(1911-1995 )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1948 \u2013 1957), (1958 \u2013 1960) ve<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1961 \u2013 1963) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 defa d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Den Haag ve Moskova\u2019da 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda oynanan \u2018Be\u015fler\u2019 turnuvas\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu oldu.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Aljehin unvan sahibi olarak \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.12 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken satranca ba\u015flad\u0131. 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda sim\u00fcltane ma\u00e7\u0131nda Capablanca\u2019y\u0131 yenmi\u015fti.1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi \u015eampiyonu oldu\u011funda bir \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus satran\u00e7 ustas\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.7 defa \u00dclkesinde \u015fampiyon oldu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1957y\u0131l\u0131nda Smyslow\u2019a yenilerek \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 kapt\u0131rd\u0131.1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Smyslow tekrar yenerek \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 geri ald\u0131.1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Tal\u2019e \u00fcnvan\u0131 tekrar kapt\u0131rd\u0131ysada 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tal\u2019i yenerek \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 geri ald\u0131.1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Petrosyan\u2019a yenilerek \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kaybetti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Botwinnik b\u00fct\u00fcn ma\u00e7lar\u0131na itinal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlan\u0131yordu.\u00c7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7lara haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken rakipleri ve onlar\u0131n oyun sitillerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceliyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin Tal karma\u015f\u0131k pozisyonlara soktu\u011fu oyunlar\u0131 kombinezon yetene\u011fi sayesinde parlak bir \u015fekilde kazan\u0131yordu.Bunu tesbit eden Botwinnik Tal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Caro-Kann Savunmas\u0131n\u0131 (1.e4 c5) se\u00e7erek onun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015flarda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve keskin konumlara girme iste\u011fini engelliyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Botwinnik-Smyslow<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1954-D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">28 Ma\u00e7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Af3 Af6 4.Ac3 dxc4 5.a4 Ff5 6.e3 e6 7.Fxc4 Fb4 8.0-0 Abd7 9. Ah4 0-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10.f3 Fg6 11.e4 e5 12.Axg6 hxg6 13.Ff3 Ve7 14.Ve2 exd4 15.Fxd4 Fc5 16.Fxc5 Vxc5 17.\u015eh1 g5 18.g3 Kad8 19.Fa2 Kfe8 20.Kad1 Af8 21.Kxd8 Kxd8 22.e5 Ad5 23.Axd5 cxd5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24.Vd2 Ae6 25.f4 gxf4 26.gxf4 Vc6 27.f5 Ac5 28.Vg5 Kd7 29.Kg1 f6 30.exf6 Ae4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">31.f7 Kxf7 32.Vd8 \u015eh7 33.Fxd5 Af2 34.\u015eg2 Vf6 35.Vxf6 Kxf6 36.\u015exf2 Kxf5 37.Ff3 Kf4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">38. Kg4 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Botwinnik-Smyslow aras\u0131nda1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda oynanan D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu ma\u00e7lar\u0131 +7-7=10 skoru ile berabere bitti.\u00dcnvan Botvinnikte kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">VII. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a title=\"smyslov1.jpg\" href=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/smyslov1.jpg\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"smyslov1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/smyslov1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Wasily SMYSLOW<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(1921\u2026.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1957 \u2013 1958) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1957 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Botwinnik\u2019i yenerek d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu.Sonu\u00e7 12\u00bd-9\u00bd Smyslow \u2018un lehineydi.1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda oynanan unvan ma\u00e7\u0131nda Botwinnik Smyslow\u2019u 12\u00bd-10\u00bd skoru ile yenerek \u00fcnvan\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdi.Smyslow k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck avantajlar\u0131 m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde kazan\u00e7lara \u00e7eviriyordu.Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmayan hafif \u00fcst\u00fcn konumlar onun i\u00e7in yeterliydi.Bu \u00f6zellik onun oyun sonunda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en \u00fcnl\u00fc ustalar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.\u00d6zellikle kale oyun sonunda \u00e7ok ustayd\u0131.Capablanca\u2019n\u0131n stilini and\u0131ran bir oyun anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smyslow -Botwinnik-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1957-D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unvan Ma\u00e7\u0131 No:24<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.e4 c5 2.Af3 g6 3.c4 Fg7 4.d4 d6 5.Ac3 Ac6 6.Fe3 Fg4 7.dxc5 dxc5 8.Vxd8 Kxd8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9.Fxc5 Fxc3 10.bxc3 Af6 11.Ad4 Axe4 12.Axc6 bxc6 13.Fxa7 Ad6 14.f3 Ad6 15.a4 Ka8 16.Fb6 0-017.c5 Ac8 18.g4 Fe6 19 a5 Axb6 20.cxb6 Kfb8 21.Fd3 Kxb6 22.axb6 Kxa1 23. \u015ed2 Ka224.\u015ee3 Fc8 25.Kd1 Kb2 26.Fc4 \u015eg7 27.Kd8 Fe6 28.Fxe6 fxe6 29.Kb8 e5 30.c4 \u015ef7 31.c5 \u015ee6 32.Kd8 g5 33.h3 Kb1 34.\u015ed2 Kb5 35.\u015ed3 Kb1 36.\u015ec4 Kc1 37.\u015eb4 Kb1 38.\u015ea4 Ka1 39.\u015eb4 Kb1 40.\u015ea3 Ka1 41.\u015eb2 Ka5 42.Kd3 Ka8 43.\u015eb3 Ka5 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>VIII. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"tal1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/tal1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Michail TAL<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0(1936-1992)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1960 \u2013 1961)Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1960 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Botwinnik\u2019le oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unvan ma\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 +6-2=13 \u015feklinde net bir skorla kazanarak sekizinci d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu.Atak oyunu ve kombinezonlar\u0131n dahisi say\u0131lan Tal yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fedalarla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.H\u0131zl\u0131 bir oyun stiline sahipti.Botwinnik ise \u00fcnvan\u0131 kaybettikten sonra tekrar bilimsel y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6zel program sonunda oynan unvan ma\u00e7\u0131nda Botwinnik, Tal\u2019i +10-5=6 gibi a\u00e7\u0131k bir farkla yendi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Botvinnik-Tal 1960<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7 No 30<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.c4 Af6 2.Af3 g6 3.g3 Fg7 4.Fg2 0-0 5.d4 d6 6.Ac3 Abd7 7.0-0 e5 8.e4 c6 9.h3 Vb6 10.d5 cxd5 11.cxd5 Ac5 12.Ae1 Fd7 13.Ad3 Axd3 14.Vxd3 Kfc8 15. Kb1 Ah5 16.Fe3 Vb4 17.Ve2 Kc4 18.Kfc1 Kac8 19.\u015eh2 Vxb2 24.Kab1 Vxb2 25.Kxb2 fxe 26.Kb3 Kd4 27. Fe1 Fe5 28.\u015eg1 Ff4 29.Axe2 Kxc1 30.Axd4 Kxe1 31.Ff1 Fe4 32.Ae2 Fe5 33.f4 Ff6 34.Kxb7 Fxd5 35.Kc7 Fxa2 36.Kxa7 Fc4 37. Ka8 \u015ef7 38.Ka7 \u015ee6 39.Ka3 d5 40.\u015ef2 Fh4 41.\u015eg2 \u015ed6 42.Ag3 Fxg3 43.Fxc4 Dxc4 44.\u015exg3 \u015ed5 45.Ka7 c3 46.Kc7 \u015ed4 0-1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>IX. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"petrosian.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/petrosian.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Tigran PETROSYAN<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1929-1984)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1963 \u2013 1969) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1963 tarihinde Botwinnik\u2019i +12\u00bd-8\u00bd skoru ile yenerek \u015fampiyon oldu. Sa\u011flam,sakin ve kuvvetli oynayan bir oyuncudur.Ondan ma\u00e7 almak \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir psikolojik yap\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beraberliklerin oyuncudur.Beraberlik yapmay\u0131 akl\u0131na koydu\u011fu zaman bunu kimse engeleyemezdi. Sistematik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7ok severdi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Petrosjan-Botwinnik-1963<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7 No:34<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.c4 g6 2.d4 Af6 3.Ac3 d5 4.Af3 Fg7 5.e3 0-0 6.Fe2 dxc4 7.Fxc4 c5 8.d5 e6 9.dxe6 Vxd1 10.\u015exd1 Fxe6 11.Fxe6 fxe6 12.\u015ee2 Ac6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13.Kd1 Kad8 14.Kxd8 Kxd8 15.Ag5 Ke8 16.Age4 Axe4 17.Axe4 b6 18.Kb1 Ab4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19.Fd2 Ad5 20.a4 Kc8 21.b3 Ff8 22.Kc1 Fe7 23.b4 c4.24.b5 25.Fc3 Fa3 26.Kc2 Axc3 27.Kxc3 Fb4 28.Kc2 \u015ee7 29.Ad2 c3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">30.Ae4 Fa5 31.\u015ed3 Kd8 32.\u015ec4 Kd1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">33.Axc3 Kh1 34.Ae4 Kxh2 35.\u015ed4 \u015ed7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">36.g3 Fb4 37.\u015ee5 Kh5 38.\u015ef6 Fe7 39.\u015eg7 e5 40.Kc6 Kh1 41.\u015ef7 Ka1 42.Ke6 Fd8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">43.Kd6 \u015ec8 44.\u015ee8 Fc7 45.Kc6 Kd1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">46.Ag5 Kd8 47.\u015ef7 Kd7 48.\u015eg8 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">X. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"spassky.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/spassky.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Boris SPASSKY<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1937-\u2026.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0(1969 \u2013 1972) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a01969 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Petrosjan\u2019dan +6-4=13 skoru ile d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131. Strateji ve kombinezon ustas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fccadeleci bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131.Agresif bir sitili vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Spassky-Petrosjan<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1969 D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7 No:37<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.e4 c5 2.Af3 d6 3.d4 Cxd4 4.Axd4 Af6.5Ac3 a6 6.Fg5 Abd7 7.Fc4 Va5 8.Vd2 h6 9.Fxf6 Axf6 10.0-0-0 e6 11.Khe1 Fe7 12.f4 0-0 13.Fb3 Ke8 14.\u015eb1 Ff8 15.g4 Axg4 16.Vg2 Af6 17.kg1 Fd7 18.f5 \u015eh8 19.Kdf1 Vd8 20.fxe6 fxe6 21.e5 dxe5 22.Ae4 Ah5 23.Vg6 exd4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24.Ag5 1-0. Mata \u00e7are yok.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>XI. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"fischer.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/fischer.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Robert James (\u2018bobby\u2019) F\u0130SHER<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1943-\u2026..)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0(1972 \u2013 1975) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Spassky\u2019i +7-3=11 skoru yenerek on birinci d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu. O bir satran\u00e7 dehas\u0131d\u0131r.Ama ayn\u0131 derecede de ge\u00e7imsiz biriydi.Oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlar m\u00fckemmeldi.Yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve agresif bir satran\u00e7 oyuncusuydu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fisher-Spassky 1972<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7 No:41<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.e5 e5 2.Af3 Ac6 3.Fb5 a6 4.Fa4 Af6 5.0-0 Fe7 6.Ke1 b5 7.Fb3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Ab8 10.d4 Abd7 11. Abd2 Fb7 12.Fc2 Ke8 13.b4 Ff8 14.a4 Ab6 15.a5 Abd7 16.Fb2 Vb8 17.Kb1 c5 18.bxc5 dxc5 19. dxe5 Axe5 20.Axe5 Vxe5 21.c4 Vf4 22.Fxf6 Vxf6 23.cxb5 Ked8 24.Vc1 Vc3 25.Af3 Vxa5 26.axb5 27.Vf4 Kd7 28.Ae5 Vc7 29.Kbd1 Ke7 30.Fxf7 Kxf7 31.Vxf7 Vxf7 32.Axf7 Fxe4 33. Kxe4 \u015exf7 34.kd7 \u015ef6 35.Kb7 Ka1 36.\u015eh2 Fd6 37.g3 b4 38.\u015eg2 h5 39.Kb6 Kd1 40.\u015ff3 \u015ef7 41.\u015ee2 Kd5 42.f4 g6 43.g4 hxg4 44.hxg4 g5 45.f5 Fe5 46.Kb5 \u015ef6 47.Kexb4 Fd4 48.Kb6 \u015ee5 49.\u015ef3 Kd8 50.Kb8 Kd7 51.K4b7 Kd6 52.Kb6 Kd7 53.Kg6 \u015ed5 54.Kxg5 Fe5 55.f6 \u015ed4 56.Kb1 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>XII. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"karpov1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/karpov1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Anatoly KARPOV<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1951-\u2026.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1975 \u2013 1985) Y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fisher unvan ma\u00e7\u0131 oynamay\u0131 reddetti.Adaylar aras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 kazanan Karpov d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131 i\u00e7in oynamay\u0131 hak etmi\u015fti.Bunun \u00fczerine F\u0130DE (D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 Federasyonu) Karpov\u2019u 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu ilan etti.Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve disiplinli bir satran\u00e7 ustas\u0131yd\u0131.\u00c7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sinir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. %78,6 oran\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bir performans sahibiydi.Oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen hem her turnuvay\u0131 kazand\u0131.D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011funa aday olanlar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 kazand\u0131ktan sonra finalinde rakibi V.Kortschnoy\u2019du.Ve Karpov zorlu m\u00fccadeleyi 12\u00bd-11\u00bd skoru ile kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fisher\u2019in unvan ma\u00e7\u0131 oynamay\u0131 reddetmesi nedeniyle Resmi \u00fcnvan ma\u00e7\u0131 oynamaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu ilan edildi.Daha sonra karpov iki kez daha \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 Kortschnoy\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 korumak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karpov- Kortschnoy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1978 \u00dcnvan Ma\u00e7\u0131<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No:32<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.e4 d6 2.d4 Af6 3.Ac3 g6 4.Af3 Fg7 5.Fe2 0-0 6.0-0 c5 7.d5 Aa6 8.Ff4 Ac7 9.a4 b6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10.Ke1 Fb7 11.Fc4 Ah5 12.Fg5 Af6 13.Vd3 a6 14.Kad1 Kb8 15.h3 Ad7 16.Ve3 Fa8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">17.Fh6 b5 18.Fxg7 \u015exg7 19.Ff1 Af6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">20.axb5 axb5 21.Ae2 Fb7 22.Ag3 Ka8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">23.c3 Ka4 24.Fd3 24.Va8 e5 dxe5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26.Vxe5 Axd5.27.Fxb5 Ka7 28.Ah4 28.Fc8 29.Fe2 Fe6 30.c4 Ab4 31.Vxc5 Vb8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">32.Ff1 Kc8 33.Vg5 \u015eh8 34.Kd2 Ac6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">35.Vh6 Kg8.38.Af3 Vf8 37:Ve3 \u015eg7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">38.Ag5 Fd7 39.b4 Va8 40.b5 Aa5 41.b6 1-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">XII. D\u00dcNYA \u015eAMP\u0130YONU :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><img style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"kasparov1.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/kasparov1.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>Garry KASPAROV<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(1963-\u2026..)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1985 \u2013 2000) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olarak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1985 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Karpov\u2019u yenerek on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu oldu.Orjinal fikirleriyle,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">y\u00fcksek teknik,g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir m\u00fccadele ruhu,sa\u011flam bir risk,g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc psikoloji, m\u00fckemmel teori bilgisi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131,konum de\u011ferlendirmesi ve \u00fcst\u00fcn analiz yetene\u011fi ile D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc satran\u00e7\u0131.Ve onun kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Karpov aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan rekabet 1980 ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnya satranc\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karpov-Kasparov 1985<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u00e7 no:16<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.e4 c5 2.Af3 e6 3\u00e7d4 Cxd4 4.Axd4 Ac6 5.Ab5 d6 6.c4 Af6 7.A1c3 a6 8.Aa3 d5 9.cxd5 10.exd5 Ab411.Fe2 Fc5 12 0-0 0-0 13.ff3 Ff5 14.Fg5 Ke8 15.Vd2 b5 16.Kad1 Ad3 17.Aab1 h6 18.Fh4 b4 19.Aa4 Fd6 20.Fg3 Kac8 21.b3 g5 22.Fxd6 Vxd6 23.g3 Ad7 24.Fg2 Vf6 25.a3 a5 26.axb4 axb4 27.va2 Fg6 28.d6 g4 29.Vd2 \u015eg7 30.f3 Vxd6 31.fxg4 Vd4 32.\u015eh1 Af6 33.Kf4 Axe4 34.Vxd3 Af2 35.Kxf2 Fxd3 36.Kfd2 Ve3 37.Kxd3 Kc1 38.Ab2 Vf2 39.Ad2 40.Axd1 Ke1 0-1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1998\u2032den sonra iki ayr\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu kabul edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biri FIDE\u2019nin (D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 Federasyonu) d\u00fczenledi\u011fi d\u00fcnya birincili\u011fi turnuvas\u0131n\u0131 kazanan d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu, di\u011feri de Profesyonel Satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131lar Birli\u011finin d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda FIDE\u2019nin d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu V. Anand\u2019d\u0131r, Profesyonel Satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131lar Birli\u011finin d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu da V. Kramnik\u2019tir. D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 \u015eampiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n hepsinin deha d\u00fczeyinde zekalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 bilim ve matematik alan\u0131nda da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bilim adamlar\u0131ndan idiler. Emanuel Lasker matematik\u00e7i ve filozof idi. Dr. Max Euwe matematik doktoras\u0131 sahibiydi ve matematik hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Mikhail Botvinnik m\u00fchendis ve daha sonra profes\u00f6r olmu\u015f, bilgisayar alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKlasik\u201d D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlar\u0131<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gary Kasparov, (1993 \u2013 2000)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vladimir Kramnik<\/strong>, (2000 \u2013 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">FIDE D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonlar\u0131 (1993\u2032ten bu yana)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Anatoly Karpov<\/strong>\u00a0(1993 \u2013 1999)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Alexander Khalifman<\/strong>\u00a0(1999 \u2013 2000)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<img alt=\"khalifman.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/khalifman.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Viswanathan Anand<\/strong>\u00a0(2000 \u2013 2002)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<img alt=\"anand3.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/anand3.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Ruslan Ponomariov<\/strong>\u00a0(2002 \u2013 2004)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img alt=\"ruslan-ponomariov.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/ruslan-ponomariov.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Rustam Kas\u0131mcanov<\/strong>\u00a0(2004 \u2013 2005)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<img alt=\"kasimcanov.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/kasimcanov.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Veselin Topalov<\/strong>\u00a0(2005 \u2013 2006)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img alt=\"topalov.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/07\/topalov.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Vladimir Kramnik<\/strong>\u00a0(2006 \u2013 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img alt=\"kramnik.jpg\" src=\"http:\/\/izmirsatranc.com\/uploads\/2007\/08\/kramnik.thumbnail.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Satranc\u0131n, zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan en az 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da oynand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bulgular piramitlerdeki kabartmalarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yine \u00c7in\u2019de, Mezopotamya\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019da oynanmaktayd\u0131. Oyunun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, MS 3. \u2013 4. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Hindistan\u2019da, oyuna \u00c7ATURANGA denmesi ile ba\u015flar. Satran\u00e7 ile ilgili ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler Hindistan\u2019dan kalmad\u0131r. Daha sonra satran\u00e7 \u0130ran\u2019a, onlardan Araplara, End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fcler sayesinde de \u0130spanya \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya&#8230; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/?page_id=1682\"><span class=\"cb-read-more\"> Read more  &rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1682"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1682\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.antalyasaglikspor.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}